![]() While moods can be considered a general averaging of affective states over a period of time, emotions are comparatively brief reactions. EmotionĮmotions are holistic phenomena, involving both subjective appraisals of affective stimuli and overt physiological changes that prepare the body to interact with the environment. In this entry the focus is on reactivity other entries in this encyclopedia address the ability to regulate emotions once they are elicited. Information regarding emotional reactions and the ability to regulate them during competition is ultimately used to develop practice and performance recommendations that ensure peak performance. In either case, the period of emotional reactivity following the onset of a stimulus is critical to performance. Other times, emotions precipitate internal and external distractions that should be ignored. In some instances, emotional information must be attended to perform optimally. A myriad of factors contribute to successful performance, but emotional states directly influence motivation, attention, and movement execution. Given the emphasis placed on consistently performing at a high level, researchers, coaches, consultants, and practitioners have sought to better understand how athletes and other performers respond to various affective states. ![]() Participants in sports and other performance settings routinely encounter emotionally salient cues or stimuli that can affect the quality and enjoyment of the activity. ![]()
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